Social Factors Of The Salem Witch Trials - 1439 Words

Salem, Massachusetts, known for its history of witchcraft in the seventeenth century. The accusation of witchcraft lead to the Salem witch trials; A series of trials which examined the people whom were accused of witchcraft. Men and women of the Massachusetts Bay colony were being accused of witchcraft, multiple factors played a role in this event. This paper will discuss factors that lead people to being accused of being witches; Including, the behaviors and social situations of the accused, political and social pressures from both the accused and the accusers, and environmental factors. When learning of witchcraft in the seventeenth century, it is important to understand the faith at the time. Knowing the what the people, at the time,†¦show more content†¦4). Social and political issues were a substantial part of why people were being accused of witchcraft. During the seventeenth century, men and women did not have the same rights nor place in society. As said in the previous paragraph, ministers held a high social status in the society, men only. Not only did ministers hold high status, but also men of wealth, faith, and education. One of the men whom held a high status, as well as power in the Salem Village was Samuel Parris. The terms â€Å"witchcraft† and â€Å"witch† were brought when Parris was a minister, he began the perception of witches, through preaching’s telling of the devil and through trial and testimonies (Baker 19-20). Parris also gained many male followers whom accused people, â€Å"men who lodged formal charges†¦come from poorer western part of Salem Village...It is not a coincidence that the age of witch hunts also saw the birth of capitalism.† (Baker 119). This began the idea the orig inal theory, men accusing women of witchcraft, which soon changed because of the social status and behavioral aspects of the people accused, along with more people becoming accusers. Men and women did not hold the same social status as each other, that meant they also did not have the same rights as each other. Though that was true and there were many male accusers whom followed Parris, that did not mean accusers were only limited toShow MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were a series of trials in which twenty-four people were killed after being accused of practicing witchcraft. These trials were caused by different social climates of the area including the very strong lack of a governor, the split between Salem Village and Salem Town, and the strict puritan lifestyle during the time period. Tituba, the black slave, was a foreigner from Barbados. Her role in society was to take care of Mr. Parris’s family. Tituba’s situation contributedRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : The Causes Of The Deadly Accusations912 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 1 11 April 2015 The Salem Witch Trials: The Causes of the Deadly Accusations In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, he writes, â€Å"We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (Miller 77). This partially fictionalized tale of the Salem Witch Trials points to one of the causes of the trials, vengeance, but the over dramatized tale s early stages were quiet. The Salem Witch Episode had humble beginningsRead MoreThe Causes of the Salem Witch Trials (DBQ)1337 Words   |  4 Pagesseem preposterous. Any behavior regarded as strange by fellow citizens was sufficient to hold a trial with a sentence of death. Though such scenarios seem unfathomable in our modern culture, it was a reality for hundreds of New England settlers. The causes of the famous outbreak of witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts are rooted in social, economic, and political aspects of the late 17th century Salem community. Early New Englanders were unable to accept the increase in diversity and the break inRead MoreThe Crucible : Fictional Account Of The Salem Witch Trials1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1996 film The Crucible is a fictional account of the Salem witch trials. While there are many historical inaccuracies in the movie, it does capture some of the themes in scholarship on the period. The film presents the town of Salem in a similar way to how it is depicted in the textbook. The film gets the basic outline of the Salem witch trials right. A group of girls started a panic by accusing an enslaved woman and two other women of bewitching them. During the event more than 200 people wereRead MoreHistorical Journalism At The Salem Witch Trials863 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Journalism at the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials are one of the best known outbreaks of hysteria and fear in American history. This event began when Betty Parris, who was a daughter of Salem’s church’s minister, and Abigail Williams, who was her cousin, experiences several occasions of odd, violent behavior that they blamed on witchcraft. They accused two white women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, as well as a slave, Tituba, of practicing witchcraft in the village. The threeRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Da nvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreSalem Possessed By Paul Boyer And Stephen Nissenbaum1416 Words   |  6 Pages The Salem Witch trials were more than just accusations and women being sentenced to death. Politics, social status, and way of living back then all played essential roles in the trials which are discussed throughout the book â€Å"Salem Possessed† by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum. The authors touch upon how social status of church members, farmers and community folk impacted who was accused of witchcraft and who was sentenced to death. While times have changed and the laws regarding imprisonmentRead MoreThe Main Causes Of The Puritans In The Salem Witch Trials1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"You’re a liar! I’m no more a witch than you are a wizard! If you take my life away, God will give you blood to drink!† This testimony is one out of the several given during the Salem Witch Trials which has become known as one of th e mass hysterias to ever occur in American history. In 1692, individuals known as Puritans settled among a small village named Salem in what is now known as Massachusetts. The Puritans spent the beginning years of their settlement confronted with epidemics such as famineRead MoreReasons Behind The Salem Witch Trials1568 Words   |  7 PagesJaquelin Lopez History 1301- Dr.Frawley April 30, 1017 Reasons behind the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 The Salem Witch Trials were a series of trials in the 1690s which accused society members of practicing witchcraft, they took place in Salem, Massachusets. What caused this mass hysteria to occur? Some contributing factors could include some socio-economic reasons, an overbearing Puritan society and the influential sense that witchcraft was taking place all over the world. Massachusetts was settledRead MoreIs Witch Trails A Thing Of The Past?923 Words   |  4 Pages Being that the Salem Witch Trails date back to over three hundred years, many people believe witch trails are a thing of the past. However, modern day witch trails are still extremely prevalent. Modern-day witch-hunts are reported to still be happening in Africa, the Pacific, Latin America, even in the U.S. and Europe. According to a New York Times article, within the last fifteen years alone, more than 2,000 Indians have been killed after being accused of witchcraft. Almost all of the accused have

Similarities And Differences Between China And Australia

Similarities and Differences between China and Australia’s Economies Introduction The Chinese and Australia economies have many similarities and differences, including the size of the economies, growth rates, unemployment, inequality, standard of living, environmental issues and the roles the different governments have in influencing and modifying these factors of the economy. Size of Economy The GDP is the total market value of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. China’s GDP is significantly larger than Australia’s, measuring 9.24 trillion $USD as of 2013, while Australia’s GDP was 1.56 trillion $USD the same year. Before the change to a socialist market, the economic policy at the time didn’t allow for the benefits of a market economy, such as increased efficiency because of competition and motivation and more innovation. Despite China’s large GDP, the GDP/Capita shows a more accurate representation of income distribution. China’s GDP/Capita in 2013 was 6, 800 $USD, while Australia’s GDP/Capita in 2013 was 67, 500 $USD, due to the massive difference in population, and that a greater percentage of China’s population earns less, while Australia’s income is more evenly spread. Economic Growth Rates Economic growth measures a percentage change in the GDP of an economy over a period of time. China and Australia’s GDP growth rates are very different, China having a relatively high GDP growth rate, while Australia’s is only just between the target 2-3%. InShow MoreRelatedAustralia: The Foreign Policy of the Hawke-Keating Government1501 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor parties. As a result, there exists a latent similarity in the foreign policy of successive Australian governments across the last 40 years that becomes more pronounced when comparing them within their respective partisan delineations. 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Management techniques inconsistent with national culture can lead to conflict between multinational corporations (MNCs) and its employees and, perhaps the broader society. Comparative studies

Merchant of Venice Glossary and Character Sketch Free Essays

Glossary—The Merchant of Venice Act I, Scene II 1. â€Å"By my troth†Ã¢â‚¬â€a mild oath like â€Å"Upon my word† 2. aught—anything 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Merchant of Venice Glossary and Character Sketch or any similar topic only for you Order Now surfeit—overindulge 4. superfluity—excess 5. Hare—to run fast 6. â€Å"overname them†Ã¢â‚¬â€say their names over 7. colt—a young, or inexperienced person 8. Death’s-head—skull 9. a-cap’ring—dancing 10. pennyworth—a small amount 11. doublet—a close-fitting outer garment, with or without sleeves and sometimes having a short skirt, worn by men in the Renaissance; an undergarment, quilted and reinforced with mail, worn beneath arm. 12. ound hose—very full short breeches which varied in length from the upper thigh to just above the knee, giving a rounded look to the hips and showing off the leg. 13. surety—a person who assumes legal responsibility for the fulfillment of another’s debt or obligation and himself becomes liable if the other defaults. 14. viley—highly offensive, unpleasant, disgusting 15. Sibylla—the Sybil of Cumae, to whom Apollo granted as many years of life as there are grains in a handful of sand 16. Diana—goddess of chastity Character Report—Nerissa What does your character want in this scene? Nerissa wants to know whether Portia has feelings for any of her suitors and whether she will consider disobeying her father’s will. What is your character’s motivation for doing what he or she does? She is Portia’s waiting-gentlewoman and friend, who is concerned about Portia’s future. Also, she shows some eagerness for Bassanio to arrive with her future husband, Gratiano. What obstacles stand in his or her way? Portia’s independence and defiance of her father’s will that causes Portia to show distaste toward all her suitors. What happens when your character confronts these obstacles? Nerissa finds that the heiress might be interested in Bassanio. Are there any distinctive elements in your character’s way of speaking? (Is his of her language elaborate, plain, musical, or what? ) She is inquisitive and curious. What is your character thinking during the scene? (How does he or she react to the other characters and events? ) She in inquiring about Portia’s suitors. She must be interested in their futures. Character Report—Portia What does your character want in this scene? Portia wishes to choose the fate of her marriage instead of following her father’s will. She also seems to express interest in Bassanio when he is mentioned. What is your character’s motivation for doing what he or she does? She is an orphan that has no say in who she marries so Portia motivation to protest is her want of freedom. Even after her father’s death, she is still under his control. What obstacles stand in his or her way? Her father’s will and the test of the caskets deciding her husband. What happens when your character confronts these obstacles? Nothing really, as she just points out all the flaws of the suitors she meets. Are there any distinctive elements in your character’s way of speaking? (Is his of her language elaborate, plain, musical, or what? ) So far she has only spoken in complaints and a bit condenscendingly. What is your character thinking during the scene? (How does he or she react to the other characters and events? ) She is most likely thinking of loopholes to get out of her father’s demands. She is probably also thinking about Bassanio and when he will come court her. Company Report—Queen Murphy’s Two 1. What happens in your scene? Outline the basic events. . Portia complains about how she cannot choose a husband because of her deceased father’s will. Explains the caskets and the requirements for Portia’s hand in marriage. b. Nerissa names the different suitors of Portia and Portia points out all their flaws. c. Nerissa tells Portia that all the suitors were leaving and Nerissa mentions Bassanio. Portia is interested. d. A serving man appears stating that the Prince of Morocco is arriving soon. Portia doesn’t really care too much. 2. What do you think are the key purposes of your scene? a. To introduce Portia and Nerissa as key characters and explaining their personalities. b. To explain the idea of the caskets (gold, silver, and lead) and the parameters behind Portia’s engagement. c. To foreshadow the relationship that will happen between Bassanio and Portia later on. 3. What are your reactions to this scene? That Portia seems to be stuck in a situation that she’s very stubborn about. To go against her father’s will, she is headstrong and picky in choosing her husband. I feel like supporting Portia to go for her need to be independent. How to cite Merchant of Venice Glossary and Character Sketch, Papers

Areas For Improvement Information Security Control †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Areas For Improvement Information Security Control. Answer: Security Challenges Associated with Adoption of an Information System in Banking Industry This topic will address the security challenges that arise due to the implementation of a banking information system. These security challenges include hacking, malware and virus, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service, phishing amongst others (Engel United States, 2010). The paper will also discuss the security measure to be enforced to overcome the security issues. The Psychological effect caused by Gambling to adolescence Recently, gambling in the whole world has changed the perception of earning income in the society. It has defined that economic stability depends on luck and short routes. Betting has an adverse psychological effect concerning the adolescence who does not want to work because there is a cheaper way of earning income. The paper will then introduce the measure to be taken to address this issue (California Council on Problem Gambling, 2018). The challenges associated with taking the adolescence to the prison to scare them. This topic will address the challenges that are likely to occur by introducing the adolescence to the prison environment with the aim of scaring them away. The parents and guardians sign up to take their children to prison for misbehaving in the society. The topic will introduce better methods to deal with the issue instead of exposing children to traumatic experiences (Mailonline, 2016). The Negative Effects of Technology Affecting Students Academic Affairs This paper addresses the issues affecting the students academic affairs. There are several issues such as lack of focus, wasting time amongst others. However, the topic will address the measures that should guard the students against the adverse effects of technology (Loader, Vromen Xenos, 2014). References Engel, G. T., United States. (2010). Federal Reserve Banks: Areas for improvement in information security controls. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. In Loader, B., In Vromen, A., In Xenos, M. A. (2014). The networked young citizen: Social media, political participation, and civic engagement. Consequences of Youth Gambling | California Council on Problem Gambling. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2018, from https://www.calpg.org/consequences-of-youth-gambling/ Mailonline, B. M. H. F. (2016, January 25). Prison visits for tearaway teens " have opposite effect." Retrieved February 22, 2018, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3415365/Trying-scare-teenagers-life-crime-showing-prisons-former-gang-members-opposite-effect.html

The adventure through an evil mind Essay Example For Students

The adventure through an evil mind Essay A walk through the woods is most often a relaxing moment. Walks are a time to enjoy nature; however, Young Goodman Browns adventure through the forest was not an ordinary one. His walk was not a typical stroll down a path. Young Goodman Brown enters the woods in a very mysterious state of mind. Mysterious meaning, non predictable. One is not able to draw an initial conclusion as to why he is doing so. It appears as though he is unsure at this point. Because of the illusions of evil that he has, I believe Young Goodman Brown entered his own evil mind the moment he stepped foot into the dark forest. His adventure became a battle within himself. Goodman Browns story began in a little village called Salem. From there he started a journey into the woods with a strange traveler.Right from the start, I noticed that their adventure was not going to be an ordinary one. The name of his hometown, Salem, symbolized a spooky image because this is where the witch trial was at. Even more so, Goodma n Brown began his errand at sunset.The descriptive details of Young Goodman Brown that Hawthorne included added to the mysterious tone of the story. For example, as Hawthorne stated, he had taken a dreary road darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind. It was all as lonely as could be, and there was this peculiarity in such a solitude that the traveler knows not who may be concealed by the innumerable trunks and the thick boughs overhead; so that with lonely footsteps he may yet be passing through an unseen multitude (p 62). We will write a custom essay on The adventure through an evil mind specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The descriptive opening puzzled me. I was anxious and curious to have the mysterious details of the reason Brown was going on this adventure revealed to me. I did not like how the tone was so unrevealing. I am impatient; I need to get to the point or plot right away. I was not expecting this adventure to turn into a battle with someones conscious. I thought Brown was going to run into some type of physical complication. Not only is the setting of the adventure odd, but so is the name of his wife. The name Faith seemed to have more meaning behind it than being a simple name. I began to realize that the story was going to develop a lot around his relationship with his wife when Goodman Brown hesitated to leave on his errand. This is when he glanced back momentarily and then continued on his way. The moment I realized the theme related to evil is when Hawthorne mentioned the devil for the first time. He said, there maybe a devilish Indian behind every tree. What if the devil himself sho uld be at my very elbow (p 62)? I saw this as a hint to the readers that the rest of the story was to portray that the devil was in Young Goodman Browns conscious. Before this point in the story, I was lost. I had no clue as to what was going on. I had originally thought that Goodman Brown fell asleep and he started to have a dream. But, I eventually realized that these were all random thoughts that were running through his head. He never fell asleep. Another peculiar characteristic that sparked my interest was the old traveler. He seemed to have a definite mission on his adventure with Brown. He was focused on staying on track, and so this is a characteristic that made me realize this was going to be a subconscious situation. He was always eager to continue. He mentioned that he had once aided Young Goodman Browns grandfather and father in some evil deeds. These included setting fire to a village and the lashing of a Quaker woman. The traveler then stated that he walked the path wi th each of them, and each one of them returned in a happy state of mind. Through this, I gained an understanding that both his grandfather and father were questioning their faith. However, both his father and grandfather succeeded and remained loyal to their beliefs. Neither of them became caught up with evil, and they were able to continue with a positive outlook on life. Other situations in the story include running into Young Goodman Browns catechism teacher, Goody Cloyse. This moment was mysterious because he could not figure out why she would be in the woods. The traveler seemed anxious to leave her behind. He seemed as if she was a distraction to his companion and strongly suggested that they move on. Through the words of Hawthorne, the old traveler mentioned that he was going to take a cut through the woods until they left this Christian women behind (p 64). This was when Goodman Brown appeared to leave all his Christian background and morals behind him. Everything he was eve r taught to live by was brushed aside. He no longer seemed to care about what used to have meaning in his life. At one point, he was tempted to stop following the traveler along the path and return to Faith. Just as he stopped to rest, he visualized more images and heard other sounds. This all symbolized his guilty conscious; however, he continued to walk onward despite of difficulty and opposition from his morals. Now that Goodman Brown had drifted away from the true meaning of his life, he appeared to lose all control over the situations that he faced. An example of this is when he touched a branch and his fingers became withered and dried up. The tramping of horses was another example. I was not convinced that these illusions were consciously occurring; rather, they appeared to be symbols of his guilty conscious. To go along with the horses and the touching of a branch, he also overheard a conversation. The individuals were discussing plans for an ordination dinner. Hawthorne mad e it known to Young Goodman Brown through one of the characters that there was a goodly young women to be taken into communion (p 66). .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .postImageUrl , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:hover , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:visited , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:active { border:0!important; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:active , .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6 .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54a9f69c7829be18b6eec330291b9cf6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child development EssayAs one can see, each one of these occurrences were not really happening. Further into the story, Goodman Brown said his heart felt sick. He then looked up and doubted that heaven existed. To me, this proves that he had lost all meaning in his life, and he had no faith left to continue. I think, he finally realized that he lost his meaning in life; instead of trying to revert back to his old self, he joined up with the devil. This was symbolized in the story when his wifes ribbon falls out of the sky. An analogy for this image would be losing a close acquaintance, but being left with only a memory of them.This relates to Goodman Brown because he is no t the religious person that he once set out to be; however, he can remember being a considerate human being that could once appreciate the important things in life. Young Goodman Brown eventually admitted that, his faith was gone (p 67). This is when the road became drearier and the length of it began to vanish. This showed that he could no longer determine where his actions and thoughts were going to lead him. His devilish ways caught up with him. Every move Goodman Brown made, the more abrupt and unruly he became. The final destiny of his life was revealed to him when the red light appeared. This is when Goodman Brown found himself in familiar surroundings again; unfortunately, Faith was no longer with him. Not only did this open Young Goodman Browns eyes, but it opened my eyes to the true point of this story. This is the turning point where I came to realize that Brown was definitely in a battle with his own evil mind. He even thought he saw his mother reaching out to him. He visualized that she was warning him to fight the devil, and that she was sternly stating not to give into his unjust ways. Not only did he think he saw his mother, but he also visualized a figure that had previously been hung in Salem for witchcraft. Once again, this proved that he was not in a good state of mind. In the very last stage of his journey, he saw Faith and he failed to acknowledge her. He had allowed the devilish train of thought to overshadow the best of him. By the end of the story, Young Goodman Brown was afraid of everyone. He did not have any trust left inside him. Even more horribly, it was said, his tombstone lacked hopeful verse (p 71). This meant that all his experiences destroyed him. His hope was lost; the devil won in the end. For all these reasons and more, I have come to the conclusion that the adventure Hawthorne wrote about was an unordinary stroll through a forest. The adventure was definitely a mysterious one; it was one that portrayed an evil state of mind. Bibliography:

Free Essays on The Language Of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm- two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.... Free Essays on The Language Of Music Free Essays on The Language Of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm- two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century....

Online marketing proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online marketing - Research Proposal Example Groupon operates in more than 500 marketplaces and in over 48 nations (Roberts, 2013). This paper is based on the online marketing proposal of Groupon and the marketing activities of other players in the industry. It will also encompass the discussion of implementing different strategies proposed and how it will help the company to further improve its business. Groupon operates in online deals industry, where subscribers can browse through hundreds of deals and discounted offers across thousands of products and service categories. The company operates as an E-commerce firm, but its business partners who offer the deals are from a wide range of industries. The company acts as a business broker that helps other business houses and respective customers to come together under a common roof and conduct their business activities. The online deals industry runs on the commissions gained from the merchants whose business is highlighted in the website of Groupon and other similar sites (Rueter, 2012). This business model is relatively a new one and is currently at its growth stage. This as a result increases the future prospects of this sector. Moreover, over the recent years, the rise of popularity of online shopping has resulted in the expansion of E-commerce at a global perspective. This as a result has attracted the customers to look out for be st deals online and at the same time, it has also allowed them to get acquainted with new products and services. The rise of online shopping and use of internet has helped companies like Groupon to increase its customers base by reaching out to a wider audience by utilizing the high popularity of online search for discounts. Since companies like Groupon are largely dependent on the online presence, so the technological availability of a nation largely dictates the success of the E-commerce companies (Internet World Stats, 2015). The countries with the highest internet usage and popularity are most likely to

Business-Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business-Supply Chain - Essay Example These are competitive times. While the petrochemicals sector may not be that much competitive, the electronics industry has a numerous players with similar product profile. Therefore, the company needs to focus its attention on the businesses in such a manner that both segments get due attention. In fact of late, due to the recessionary trends, the petrochemical business too has come under pressure and efficiency has become an important yardstick for survival in the industry. Therefore in order to be successful in the industry the company will have to resolve some of the issues, which appear to be not in line with the professional standards. Some such issues include; i. The Nebraska facility is not able to deliver quality products and services. David A Garvin (1984) suggests that there are 7 dimensions of quality which are performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability and aesthetics. But in case of Canbide couple of these dimensions require due attention. b. Customers, who need to pick up multiple products, are made to around the 2km by 1km facility, which leads to undue harassment of the customer and a bad image for the company. In addition when customer keep frequenting inside the production facility, this is bound to lead to further delays in the production schedule and meeting the targets. Hauser and Katz (1998) point out that mere investment in new technology doesn’t guarantee success. Such an investment need to be matched with value creation for the stakeholders for survival and success. In this case, the stakeholders like customers and employees are not in best position to feel comfortable with the arrangement being made within the company premises. v. The copier rehab facility near Charleston, SC receives "trade-in" copiers from distributors across the country and restores them to "good as new" condition.

The Real Estate Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Real Estate Business - Essay Example Real estate business as other businesses has its challenges. Inflation can affect the businesses to a point of closing them down or operating on losses. The recession in the U.S economy has affected the real estate business. The residential housing Market has turned around. For instance, the Gross Domestic Product growth in the U.S declined from 4.9% in the third quarter to 0.6% in the fourth quarter of 2007. Unemployment rate has gone up, and this has seriously affected the lifestyle of people in the U.S. spending becomes a problem, and most people go for cheap product even in personal consumption (Lynn, 2009). In the U.S, real estate business is facing a formidable challenge, and this affects the country and global economic growth. Investment in the real estate business has been affected by the finances and lending institutions. The for- sale housing market has had an enormous challenge, and the business is going down. This is as a result of low affordability, tight lending standar ds and excess supply in many regions. When a country is going through a recession, the market finds itself in the bad shape. People refrain from buying the products in the market because their spending power is weakened (Lynn, 2009). The real estate is also affected due to the increased cost of materials from suppliers. The reason why the suppliers increase their costs in many counties is because during recession time the government adjusts the policies of taxation. The materials are taxed highly, and therefore the supplier has no option than to increase the cost of construction materials. This affects the market place, and the business will go down, and the end result is poor economic growth. Taxes are particularly burdensome, and businesses suffer when they are taxed unfairly. Like in the U.S taxation system is regarded as the most unequal and unjust in the word. This can also be seen in other parts of the world. Political leaders may take advantage of their power to manipulate th e taxation policies. Their businesses are not taxed in the same ratio as for the citizens. Economic development to them becomes a task of the citizens who pays the largest amount in paying taxes (Hinkel, 2008). The government should try and subsidize taxes so that companies and suppliers venturing into a business do not suffer losses. The customers also will be willing to buy or rent houses because the prices will be affordable. The tax law should be reviewed in a way that they favor both parties. The seller and the purchaser are the parties in question. They should be in a position to do transactions without incurring much cost. The government should ensure there the transactions are fair by reviewing the tax laws (Hinkel, 2008). According to Hinkel (2008), real estate is governed by the state law. The state law varies from one state to the other. The law s control the ownership rights to the property, the form and content of the various documents and procedures involved in the sal e, leasing, financing, and inheritance of the property. The legal profession spends time and client’s money worrying about the ownership of property. This becomes difficult for the investor or the buyer to use the property because until the process is over the buyer has no right over the property. Therefore, if the buyer wanted to put up business in the estate, it will take him/her a

Brief Description Of The Negative Service Encounter Marketing Essay

Brief Description Of The Negative Service Encounter Marketing Essay In recent times call centres play a vital role in the service chain. Further they are the first point of contact for the customers. This invariably means that performance management is of prime importance to organisations with special focus on customer satisfaction. If organisations are not successful in providing value to their consumers, there will a long term loss for the stakeholders and so it is vital to pay full attention to them and adopt strategies to improve upon the services provided. In this report the way organisations rationalise and manage customer satisfaction in a call centre setting is explored. Out of many things revealed it is crucial to note that current measures of performance are often counter-productive to reaching customer satisfaction. An attempt has been made to review customers purchasing, its after sale services and other related factors through which they feel satisfied and follow it up with recommendations to improve the same. Many call centres consider that operating procedures such as call extent are pointers of customer satisfaction Evidence indicates that they are not; they are only measures of proficiency, which in turn is seen as basis of commercial performance. Most call centres seem to miss the important link between employee satisfaction, service quality, customer satisfaction, and profitability. Formal Introduction: The Saudi Telecomminicaiton (STC) group offers mobile network, fixed land line and broadband communications facilities to more than millions of customers across the world. In the last few years, STC underwent a massive expansion plan across the world. Further, it formed a network of businesses and investments in a number of countries including Asia and Africa. Out of many international customers it has its presence in Kuwait, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, South Africa and Bahrain. Background: STC services are divided into three broad categories: Jawal (mobile network), Kitaf (landline  network), and  Internet services. Call centres are changing the way companies communicate with customers and are a strategic asset in delivering exceptional service quality. Companies that focus on customer loyalty are increasingly using their centres to differentiate their product or service offering and drive customer satisfaction. (Miciak et al, 2001) STC  is the only provider for telephone lines in  Saudi Arabia. For this reason customers have to pay two fees, one to  STC  for activation of the  ADSL  service across the telephone line, and a second to an  ISP  to provide Internet service across the  ADSL  line.  STC  has been highly criticized for their service in providing  ADSL  access as customers had to wait many months to receive ADSL service on their phone lines. Out of the many reasons considered for their service being unpopular the major reasons are the excessively expensive prices and unable low-quality service. In few countries its services have been refused due to lack of experience, unprofessional staff, and outdated usage of equipment. Module 4: It is important to have an extraordinary customer service to materialise a deal. When customers are not made to feel important, welcomed or wanted they would not prefer to invest their time and money into a product. This requires a good knoweldge of correct forms of customer service and detail knoweldge of service marketing. It seems as though the lack of good customer service in the telecommunications industry is leading to people withdrawing from purchases and contracts.  Ã‚  The youth are more likely to leave their service providers behind, compared to older customers who are more set in their service provider ways.  However with the upsurge of social media and improved consumer awareness, the cost of customer frustration is sizeable. Parameters to judge the customer satisfaction in the above case. The figure clearly depicts the customer expectation in terms of service offerings. It shows the parameters on which the customer bases the services and these are the major fail points where the organisations is not able to stand up to the customers expectations. The lesson is clear. In order to turn first time customers into repeat customers and repeat customers into lifetime customers, you need to ensure every call is handled efficiently and politely. You need to be different-and better-than the average contact center today. Brief description of the negative service encounter While recalling the service of STC it is disappointing to state that the waiting time was over the phone was too long and at times the maintenance problem would take more than 24 hours to resolve. The complaints used to pass through a long hierarchy. Travellers used to suffer a lot due to bad connectivity and most of the time the connectivity used to be very weak. No satisfactory explanation was provided of new services when a customer gives a call, instead he is directed to check it online. Module 5: Customer service is perceived as most important, even more important than product value while deciding on customer loyalty and behaviour while making a purchase. Customer service is, indeed, more important than perceived product value in predicting customer loyalty, the amount of money spent in the visit and the range of products purchased (Leung,2006). In this case the price of the services was not declared properly and many times the bill used to have many hidden charges. The invoice that used to come at the end of the month was far beyond the actual usage. The value of a product reflects the owner(s)/buyer(s) desire to retain or obtain a product. An individuals level of desire to retain or obtain a product depends on how much the product details and/or its performance agree with the value system of the individual (Neap, 1999) However the customers were quite annoyed since the service did not match its value outcome. Module 6: An IMC strategy comprises carefully merging and synchronizing the various fundamentals and tools of the communications mix to convey a clear and reliable message. (Hoffman et al, 2010, pp.169) In this case the organisation promised too much than they could deliver and and raised the expectations to unrealistic level. It should improve upon its communication pattern, which can be done through Module 7: An organisations exterior appearance, interior design and othe tangibles objects create a compendium that surrounds the service. (Hoffman et al, 2010, pp.201) The service scapes directly influence the organisms behaviour. Remote, self-service, the service settings ambience, overall expectations and emotional and mental state to moderators and environment are the major factors of it. However there was total neglect of sensory cues in this case. The organisation had not changed its interior and exterior design since last many years and the furniture and fittings looked very old and out-dated. Even the entrance gate was cluttered and the main board was rusted and not even painted properly. Module 8 The boundary spanning personnel are also the organisations personal representatives. They accumulate material from the surrounding and transfer it back into the organisation, and they also communicate with the environment on behalf of the organisation. ((Hoffman et al, 2010, pp.232) Role, client and interclient conflicts are the main sources of struggle. A service organisation must satisfy its workforces in order for customer satisfaction to become a unfailing reality and the venture made in this will surely pay off. The contingencies which managers should rate to their service organisations depends on the its business strategy, technology, its tie with the customers, the environment of the business and the type of leadership. The main characteristics of service leader are that they lead by example and inspire their service employees to deliver high levels of customer service. Service leaders are enthusiastic about doing the service right the first time. They value the goal of zero deficiencies, motivated continually to improve the consistency of service. (Zeithmal et al, 1990, pp.15) Module 9: The service encounter was not satisfactory in the above case due to the hindrance by the consumers in the exchange process. They were not effectively managed because the relationships were unhealthy due to long waits and dissatisfaction in compliant solving. Eight principles of waiting are given to minimize the customers frustrations related to long waits. A customers degree of satisfaction with waiting or with the service received in its whole is reliant on on the actual performance of the delivery system, the customers anticipations regarding that performance and the customers sensitivity of the service encounter.  (Mark M. Davis, Janelle Heineke, pp.21 34, 1994) The ultimate way to handle difficult customers as stated by Peppers Rogers is through exceptionality. Every relationship is different. The organisation must be prepared to participate in different exchanges, remember different accounts and engage in different behaviours towards different customers. (Peppers D Rogers M., Managing Customer Relationships: A Strategic Framework, pp.56, 2004) Recommendations: For delivering customer service it is increasingly important to focus on Call Centre performance. The performance should not be judged in isolation from the whole organisation. It is vital to note that they are not disconnected procedures with an unsociable mission of bringing down costs. They form a fundamental part in delivering of services and contribute to the value chain. Therefore, the performance measures of call centres need to reflect the strategic direction of the entire organisation. A more balanced approach to measuring performance based on strategic objectives is valuable, especially if visual representations of service delivery and value creation are used. This facilitates easy communication of overall performance and puts productivity aims in consideration. Best practice seems to lead and the following areas of performance as well as their consumer satisfaction increases when companies meet four key needs: proficiency, suitability, positive commitment and customization.   The following measures help to track quality of call centre service. (Feinberg et al, 2000) At the outset by reducing the average speed of answer, followed by the time caller is in the line for answer. Subsequently the percentage of callers or abandoned the call prior to answer should be analysed. Further the average work time after call needs to be speeded. The service for customers who receive call block message may also be improved. Lastly the organisation needs to develop a professional attitude in its functioning and make the customers feel appreciated.

Securing The Electronic Operating Environment Essay -- Information Tec

Purpose Operating systems, applications, databases, and other types of information processing systems are the core element for all business operations all through the private and public sector environments. Because no information system is bulletproof, nor is there any way to ensure complete safety while using any type of electronic device it is essential to practice vigilance at all times. Viruses, Trojans, worms, and other malicious tools are used daily by hackers at an attempt to compromise sensitive data and integrity of information systems. Without stable, secure applications and operating systems that have been updated with the latest patches, and tested for durability to provide a secure computing environment, the confidentiality, integrity, and availability to the entire domain and infrastructure are at risk. Differentiating between the good and bad is crucial to the protection of IT assets and personnel. This report will evaluate operating system and application security, methods us ed to verify authenticity, and reveal the most common vulnerabilities found throughout various digital operating environments. Digital information security can be defined best as the protection of IT assets and services against unauthorized access. An authorized user or service with legitimate permission to access sensitive data systems or applications may engage in malicious activities such as inputting incorrect data into the system to force others to repeat the same task over. Although these types of activities may not cause immediate irreversible damage to the infrastructure it still remains important to prevent such incidents from occurring before they escalate into something more serious. For this reason it is essential to not onl... ...mes - Politics, Breaking News, US and World News. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/sep/13/computer-based-attacks-emerge-as-threat-of-future-/?page=all Johnson, R., & Merkow, M. S. (2011). Security policies and implementation issues. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Operating System and Process Monitoring Tools. (n.d.). Department of Computer Science & Engineering . Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse567-06/ftp/os_monitors/index.html Thielen, D. (1992). No bugs!: delivering error-free code in C and C++. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Virtual machine Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Technology Product Reviews, News, Prices & Downloads | PCMag.com | PC Magazine. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=virtual+machine&i=53927,00.asp

Arranged Marriage vs. Free-choice Marriage Essay

Happy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry† (Tom Mullen, 2005, p.1). It is argued that free-choice marriages based on love or romance, offer more independence and freedom as compared to arranged marriages where the man and woman are chosen by the parents and so there is pressure and is not so suitable and independent. However, no marriage is necessarily an ideal sort of marriage. Therefore, it becomes difficult to predict the ideal sort of marriage. The decision is upon the individual, whether he or she wants to be part of an arrange or free-choice marriage. There are two main types of marriages that are practiced in various societies and cultures and they are: arranged marriages and free-choice marriages. Both type of marriages have benefits and particular expectations for the man and woman. Research shows that the type of marriage chosen often reflects a person’s values, traditions, beliefs, and cultural custom s. Both arranged and free-choice marriages have similarities and differences. An arranged marriage is an union between two prospective spouses chosen by the parents and sometimes between the extended family. In most cases of arranged marriages the two partners can have a say in it after several meetings with one another or even just once. However, in some cases the parents make the final decision and do not let the daughter or son have a say in it after that. This is explained well in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, â€Å"Arranged marriages can also be very flexible. In one scenario, the parents introduce their son or daughter to several potential mates, while giving two the final decision, given sometime† (2005). The relationship in an arranged marriage starts off from not knowing each other and or no feelings, and as time moves on, the love is built on together as the partners get to know each other more and spend more time together. The partners learn to love each other and in many cases the partners are more conservative and it takes longer for th em to develop a bond. Unlike love or romantic marriages, arranged marriages have learned to love. Even after taking these facts in consideration, arranged marriages are being practiced all over the world. However, it depends on different cultures around the world. If research is done, arranged marriages would be most  likely be happening in parts of Africa, most of Asia, and a good portion of Eastern Europe. Knowing where arranged are being practiced, it is also important to know that arranged marriages are practiced when the two partners are chosen by others for some specific reasons or due to the person’s traditions, beliefs, and culture. When deciding an arranged marriage, special requirements need to be fulfilled from both sides of the couple. Therefore, these requirements should be acceptable from both the parents and the couple. For example, in some cases, women get the opportunity to work and some are usually forced to be stay-at-home moms. Also sometimes the two partners have to be the same nationality, have the same beliefs, belong in the same culture and etcetera. â€Å"The importance of good family background and compatibility as far as upbringing and family is concerned are vital for two individuals entering into a relationship† (Alochona, 2004, p.1). However, most people believe that there is a low rate of divorce. If the two people do not know much about each other, it would be better for their marriage because they will find out new and interesting facts about each other during the time they spend together after marriage. As in free-choice, also called love or romance marriages, both partners know each other from before and do not have much left to find out or maybe in some cases, a number of new things can be found between couples. So, it is more likely to get bored of the marriage life if that is the case and it could lead up to divorce. In different cultures around the world, this type of marriage is a type of an advantage for people who need money, therefore they will find someone who will be willing to marry the person because they cannot afford money to arrange the marriage function or give to their daughters as a dowry. Also, this type of marriage is chosen because of social status. A rich family will want their heir to marry into a family that is worth their status. And lastly, very religious and cultural son and daughters will just agree to an arranged marriage because of the way they have been brought up since childhood and they know that they will not have to worry about their parents of not approving or rejecting of their choice of spouse. On the other side, a free-choice marriage can be based on romance or  friendship. The relationship between this type of marriage can be based on admiration and with a person known really well from before. If the relationship has been brought together because of romance, it often seems for both of the partners that they are not able to live without each other. In this type of marriage, timing is important. It takes time for the two people to fully understand each other and make this big decision. Romance allows the two people to spend more time together and get to know each other better. This marriage is considered very sweet and romantic. Many people imagine themselves having this type of marriage one day. The idea of falling in love with someone is great because if the person is known from before, it makes it easier knowing that the rest of the upcoming marriage life will be spent with that person. Sometimes it also makes it easier when two people are in love, they are comfortable around each other and they have a certain understanding of what the other expects. A free-choice marriage can also be based on friendship. If a person is very good friends with another person, it could lead up to romance. It is heard quite often that â€Å"Friendship is the first step towards love and the last step†. Knowing that a free-choice marriage has so many great feelings stored within it, it is being practiced all over the world. This type of marriage is not based on religious and cultural beliefs however it is based on feelings and emotions. Love just happens, no one can ignore it or even try to ignore it. If it cannot be ignored , it cannot be stopped. This leads to the two people thinking they are ready and have chosen their partner to move onto the next step, and that step is marriage. However, before making such a big decision, most people think about their values, traditions, beliefs, and cultural customs because they know this will have a large amount of impact on their upcoming future. Even in this type of marriage certain circumstances have to be taken in consideration. Such examples include when two people are in love they are at their best to impress the other person, they wear their best clothes, they are at their best behaviour and project many things that they are actually not, and also it takes a while between couples to shed the veil after marriage when they are more open and comfortable towards each other. When a person thinks about a free-choice marriage they think of love and freedom and automatically agree to it, to the great feelings stored within the marriage. A person would choose this type of marriage because they would not have to worry about not knowing the person from before. They know the person he or she is going to be with, have all the qualities they are looking for and have no doubt about it. Being comfortable with each other and when around each other is a big factor and in this relationship, this is all included. In this type of marriage, there is no pressure of their family, friends, culture, and society because the marriage is based on freedom and own choice. There is no involvement of the parents and there is no worry about dowry and so on. Also, in this type of marriage the couples understand each other well and they decide this from over looking at all the factors that would need to be considered after marriage. Such examples include: children, work, homes, etcetera. In this generation, it does not matter what love is or what relationships are, most people just want to do what they want and what they think is right. Whether it is an arranged marriage or a free-choice marriage, it takes two people who are very responsible, honest, and committed for the union to succeed. Arranged or free-choice, people seek perfect husband and wives but no one is hundred percent perfect. The success of marriage is in mutual understanding and acceptance, and also in mutual love and respect. Neither arranged marriages nor free-choice marriages are better than one another, it is up to the individual who is involved to decide which is best for them.†Getting married is a complete package. One does not marry the person as such but his or her habits, family, emotional problems, background, experiences, career, and many other things that are required to be dealt with† (p.1). â€Å"Success in marriage does not come merely through finding the right mate, but through being the right mate† (Barnett Brickner,2002, p.2). References August, P. (2005, October). Arranged Marriages in the Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranged_marriageBowman, H. & Spanier, G. (1978). Modern Marriage. McGraw-Hill Book Company. Mullen, T. (2005). Love Marriages. iloveindia. http://weddings.iloveindia.comNighat, S. (2005) personal Interview. 7 December. O’Neil, N. & O’Neil, G. (1973, February). Open Marriage. Dushkin Publishing Company Group Inc. Sabreen, F. (2005, May). Arranged versus Love Marriage. The New Nationhttp://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/exec/view.cgi/30/18526

Motivation: Theory and Practice Essay

Motivation theories and practices remain as one of the most difficult subject to understand. In order to fully comprehend this topic, one must go through several disciplines and enormous research. This is especially crucial in the workplace. There is no methodology that is more efficient in increasing productivity than using motivation. Despite the importance of practicing motivation theories, it is still an area that very few have ventured in. One of the many reasons behind the reluctances of managers to carry out motivation theories is due to the complexity of understanding human behavior (Landy & Conte, 2007). Therefore, it is safe to say that most theories of motivation deal with the different aspects of human nature. This paper is going to look at 4 different motivational models. They are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Aldefer’s ERG theory, Herzberg’s two factor theory as well as Adam’s equity theory. The similarities and differences of these models will also be discussed in this paper. This is the prerequisite knowledge for the next section of the paper that is application of these theories by managers in order to help reduce the problem of involuntary absenteeism in the workplace and employee disengagement. Motivational models  Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Nobody can make a dent bigger than Abraham Maslow who introduces the hierarchy of needs model in 1940s. There are 4 layers in this motivational model and it is often portrayed in the form of a pyramid (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2004). He believes that certain human needs are dominated over others. Therefore, at the bottom of the pyramid is the most basic and important needs of a human being. This layer consists of fulfilling the physiological needs of an individual such as food, water and air (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2004). Literally, these are aspects that are required to ensure the human survival. After the physiological needs have been cater to, the second layer of the pyramid is satisfying the safety needs. This can be triggered by war or economic downturn whereby a person seeks for personal security such as family and health as well as financial security like employment and property (Montana & Charnov, 2008). According to Maslow, the third hierarchy involves achieving a sense of love and belonging (Montana & Charnov, 2008). This plays true to human’s nature as a social animal. Friendship, family and intimacy play an important role in meeting emotional obligation. The next layer is getting respect from others and building self-esteem (Montana & Charnov, 2008). Lacking in these aspects will lead to helplessness and depression. Finally, at the top of pyramid is the layer of self-actualization (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2004). This is the stage where somebody reaches their full potential in life. One of the major criticisms of this model is the need to fulfill a human’s needs according to a hierarchy, from the bottom to the top of the pyramid. However, in real life, a person can be demotivated as a result from various reasons and not following a certain order. Aldefer’s ERG theory Clayton Aldefer comes up with a revised version of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The ERG theory also describes the necessity to fulfill human needs according to an order. Each letter of this model represents the three levels of needs. They are existence, relatedness and growth (Hoffmann, 2007). The existence needs are aspects that are needed to maintain the physical well-being of a person (Pattanayak, 2005). After this has been fulfilled, a person will move on to finding the relatedness needs such as building satisfying relationship with others (Pattanayak, 2005). Finally, a person will seek out his or her needs for growth whereby the competence level is developed and full potential is realized (Hoffmann, 2007). One of the major differences between Aldefer’s ERG theory with Maslow’s motivational model is the amount of flexibility. Although it is mainly concentrating on an individual fulfilling his or her needs progressively, Aldefer also acknowledges that a person may regress to lower level needs as they are easier to reach a level of satisfaction. Besides that, this flexibility also allows ERG theory to justify and observe a wider range of behavior. Therefore, ERG theory understands that different people will have different needs and the order can be changed or even, pursued at the same time. Herzberg’s two factor theory Frederick Herzberg is the psychologist who founded the two factor theory. According two him, there are two factors that play an important role in the enhancement of motivation and satisfaction of an employee in the workplace. They are known as the hygiene and motivator factor (Tosi, Mero & Rizzo, 2000). Hygiene factors are aspects to avoid unpleasantness while working but do not guarantee satisfaction (Tosi, Mero & Rizzo, 2000). This includes good working condition, feelings of job security, quality relationship with supervisor and colleagues, company policy, salary and etcetera. Meanwhile, motivator factors will lead to personal growth as well as job satisfaction (Schermerhorn, 2011). These factors are important in order to motivate employees to work harder and increase productivity. Components such as gaining recognition, opportunity for promotion, given more responsibility and stimulating work, just to name a few, will motivate workers to improve their performances. Herzberg’s two factor theory is similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in terms of acknowledging the necessity to fulfill the requisites so that, motivation can occur. However, Herzberg argues that only the highest level of Maslow’s pyramid, self-actualization, can lead to motivation (Schermerhorn, 2011). The lower needs will only cause dissatisfaction if they are not fulfilled. Adam’s equity theory This motivational theory is named after John Stacey Adam. The equity theory states that there should be an equal balance between an employee’s output and input in order to create motivation, satisfaction and productivity (Miner, 2007). An employee’s input is what and how much they put into the work (Miner, 2007). This includes variants such as effort, loyalty, hard work, commitment, flexibility, trust in superiors and personal sacrifice. Meanwhile, an employee’s output is what he or she gets back in return (Jones, Steffy & Bray, 1991). Determinants like financial rewards, recognition, a sense of achievement, praise and job security will be taken into consideration. There is a similarity between Adam’s equity theory with models that are proposed by Maslow and Herzberg. He agrees that subtle factors can affect the perception of an individual towards his or her work. However, the equity theory model is more fluid and thus, creates awareness as well as understanding to better handle wider situations from humans’ multi-faceted behavior (Jones, Steffy & Bray, 1991). Application of motivational theories by managers in the workplace Motivation plays a crucial role in any organizations in terms of increasing productivity. The effectiveness of a company is highly dependent on their employees’ desire to strive for success. On the other hand, demotivated workers can cause several problems. One of them is the involuntary absenteeism in the workplace. This is an indicator of low performance as workers are unable to complete their duty or obligation to their fullest. Another issue with demotivated workers is disengagement. Disengaged employees are not interested or have no passion in their jobs anymore. This feeling will reflect on their poor work performances. This section discusses the application of motivational theories that have been mentioned above by managers to solve the aforesaid problems in the workplace. There are many factors that can contribute to the demotivation of employees. Mainly, this is caused by the feeling of dissatisfaction with their work. One way managers can motivate their workers is through the creation of incentives such as gift cards, giving recognition and orchestrating friendly competitions (Landy & Conte, 2007). Based on Maslow’s motivational model, managers can offer different incentives to help employees to fulfill each need. Therefore, managers should also be aware that each employee is motivated in different ways and requires different incentive plans that cater to their needs (Landy & Conte, 2007). Besides that, employees do not move up the hierarchy at the same time and on the same pace. Apart from that, managers can try to motivate their employees by practicing Herzberg’s motivational theory. Adopting a more democratic approach can actually help to curb problems such as absenteeism and disengagement as employees have a positive view about their jobs (Lussier & Achua, 2009). One way is to give the workers a variety of tasks to perform. This will make the job seems more interesting and less mundane. Managers should also not be fraid to challenge their employees with more complex tasks. This can be stimulating and create a sense of accomplishment when employees are able to complete them. Besides that, managers can consider giving their workers more power when it comes to making decisions about their jobs. If a manager practices the ERG theory, he or she will come up with plans that concentrate on the various needs of the employees at one time in order to motivate them (Lussier & Achua, 2009). The frustration-regression step should also be taken into serious consideration (Landy & Conte, 2007). Therefore, an employee should not be blamed when he or she takes a step backward in their job performance because the environment does not allow him or her to have the opportunity to grow personally and advance to a higher status. It is important for managers to take care of this situation as soon as possible because frustrated employees who are not satisfied with their jobs will lead to demotivation after a prolong period of time. This is when employees have the tendency to be absent or disengage from their work. Finally, managers who like to apply Adam’s equity theory in order to motivate their employees should be aware that there must be a fair return to compensate for the work done by their employees (Lussier & Achua, 2009). However, this can be rather confusing as each employee has different notions on what constitutes a fair deal as it is often injected with personal values by the workers (Landy & Conte, 2007). For example, a single working mother may accept a lower salary to trade for shorter working hours so that, she can spend more time with her family will consider this to be fair. Besides that, an overly generous manager who pays excessively to his or her employees can also create an imbalance in the input and output scale. An overpaid employee has the tendency to decrease their productivity and feel demotivated. Conclusion This paper has looked at four different motivational theories. They are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Aldefer’s ERG theory, Herzberg’s two factor theory and Adam’s equity theory. Besides that, a brief discussion on the imilarities and differences of these motivational models are also included in this paper. A thorough understanding in this area is crucial for managers in handling demotivated employees. Effective application of motivational theories will solve various problems such absenteeism and employee disengagement. Employees who are satisfied and motivated can increase the productivity of their companies. In a nutshell, managers who can create a motivated working environment by making use of the study in huma n nature will be able to reap the benefits.

The Top 25 Grammatical Terms

The Top 25 Grammatical Terms Nouns and verbs, active and passive voice, direct and indirect objects, compound and complex sentences: youve probably heard these terms before. Some you still remember, and others- well, others may not be quite as familiar to you as they used to be. If youre in the mood to brush up on your grammar, this page is for you: brief definitions and examples of the most common grammatical terms. What I know about grammar is its infinite power. To shift the structure of a sentence alters the meaning of that sentence.(Joan Didion) How to Review the Top Grammatical Terms If you want to learn more about any of these terms, click on the word to visit a glossary page. There youll find an expanded definition and several more examples, along with links to articles that examine related grammatical concepts in more detail. Put these concepts to work in basic sentence structures. A word of caution: learning (or relearning) these grammatical terms wont by itself make you a better writer. But reviewing these terms should deepen your understanding of how words are arranged in English to create sentences. And that understanding should eventually help you become a more versatile and confident writer. Active Voice Active voice is a type of sentence or clause in which the subject performs or causes the action expressed by the verb. Contrast with Passive Voice.(See also: Practice in Changing Verbs From Passive to Active.)Example:A census taker once tried to test me. I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice Chianti.(Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, 1991) Adjective An adjective is the  part of speech (or word class) that modifies a noun or a pronoun.(See also: Adding Adjectives and Adverbs to the Basic Sentence Unit.)Example:Send this pestilent, traitorous, cow-hearted, yeasty codpiece to the brig.(Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean: At Worlds End, 2007) Adverb An adverb is the part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb.(See also: Practice in Turning Adjectives Into Adverbs.)Example:There I was, standing there in the church, and for the first time in my whole life I realized I totally and utterly loved one person.(Charles to Carrie in Four Weddings and a Funeral, 1994) Clause A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. A clause may be either a sentence (independent clause) or a sentence-like construction included within another sentence (that is, a  dependent clause).Example:Dont ever argue with the big dog [independent clause], because the big dog is always right [dependent clause].(Deputy Marshal Samuel Gerard in The Fugitive, 1993) Complex Sentence A  complex sentence is a sentence that contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.(See also: Sentence-Imitation Exercise: Complex Sentences.)Example:Dont ever argue with the big dog [independent clause], because the big dog is always right [dependent clause].(Deputy Marshal Samuel Gerard in The Fugitive, 1993) Compound Sentence A  compound sentence is a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses, often joined by a conjunction.(See also: Sentence-Imitation Exercise: Compound Sentences.)Example:I cant compete with you physically [independent clause], and youre no match for my brains [independent clause].(Vizzini in The Princess Bride, 1987) Conjunction A conjunction is the part of speech that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.(See also: coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction, and conjunctive adverb.)Example:I cant compete with you physically, and youre no match for my brains.(Vizzini in The Princess Bride, 1987) Declarative Sentence A  declarative sentence is a sentence that makes a statement.(See also: Practice in Forming Declarative Sentences.)Example:A census taker once tried to test me. I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice Chianti.(Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, 1991) Dependent Clause A dependent clause is a group of words that begins with a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction. A dependent clause has both a subject and a verb but (unlike an independent clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. Also known as a subordinate clause.(See also: Building Sentences with Adverb Clauses.)Example:Dont ever argue with the big dog [independent clause], because the big dog is always right [dependent clause].(Deputy Marshal Samuel Gerard in The Fugitive, 1993) Direct Object A  direct object is a  noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb.Example:All my life I had to fight. I had to fight my daddy. I had to fight my uncles. I had to fight my brothers.(Sophia in The Color Purple, 1985) Exclamatory Sentence An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation.Example:God! Look at that thing! You wouldve gone straight to the bottom!(Jack Dawson looking at Roses ring in Titanic, 1997) Imperative Sentence An imperative sentence is a sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or a command.Example:Send this pestilent, traitorous, cow-hearted, yeasty codpiece to the brig.(Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean: At Worlds End, 2007) Independent Clause An independent clause is a group of words made up of a subject and a predicate. An independent clause (unlike a dependent clause) can stand alone as a sentence. Also known as a main clause.Example:Dont ever argue with the big dog [independent clause], because the big dog is always right [dependent clause].(Deputy Marshal Samuel Gerard in The Fugitive, 1993) Indirect Object An indirect object is a  noun or pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom the action of a verb in a sentence is performed.(See also: Practice in Identifying Indirect Objects.)Example:Its a family motto. Are you ready, Jerry? I want to make sure youre ready, brother. Here it is: Show me the money.(Rod Tidwell to Jerry McGuire in Jerry McGuire, 1996) Interrogative Sentence An interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.(See also: Practice in Forming Interrogative Sentences.)Example:What is the name of the Lone Rangers nephews horse?(Mr. Parker in A Christmas Story, 1983) Noun A noun is the  part of speech that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action and can function as the subject or object of a verb, the object of a preposition, or an appositive.(See also: Practice in Identifying Nouns.)Example:Waiter, there is too much pepper on my paprikash.(Harry Burns in When Harry Met Sally, 1989) Passive Voice Passive voice is a type of sentence or clause in which the subject receives the action of the verb. Contrast with Active Voice.Example:Any attempt by you to create a climate of fear and panic among the populace must be deemed by us an act of insurrection.(First Elder to Jor-El in Superman, 1978) Predicate A predicate is one of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb.(See also: What Is a Predicate?)Example:I dont ever remember feeling this awake.(Thelma Dickinson in Thelma and Louise, 1991) Prepositional Phrase A prepositional phrase is a  group of words made up of a preposition, its object, and any of the objects modifiers.(See also: Adding Prepositional Phrases to the Basic Sentence Unit.)Example:A long time ago, my ancestor Paikea came to this place on the back of a whale. Since then, in every generation of my family, the first born son has carried his name and become the leader of our tribe.(Paikea in Whale Rider, 2002) Pronoun A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.(See also: Using the Different Forms of Pronouns.)Example:A census taker once tried to test me. I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice Chianti.(Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, 1991) Sentence A sentence is a word or (more commonly) a group of words that expresses a complete idea. Conventionally, a sentence includes a subject and a verb. It begins with a capital letter and concludes with a mark of end punctuation.(See also: Exercise in Identifying Sentences by Function.​)Example:I dont ever remember feeling this awake.(Thelma Dickinson in Thelma and Louise, 1991) Simple Sentence A simple sentence is a sentence with only one independent clause (also known as a main clause).Example:I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice Chianti.(Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, 1991) Subject A subject is the part of a sentence that indicates what it is about.(See also: What Is the Subject of a Sentence?)Example:I dont ever remember feeling this awake.(Thelma Dickinson in Thelma and Louise, 1991) Tense Tense is the time of a verbs action or state of being, such as past, present, and future.(See also: Forming the Past Tense of Regular Verbs.)Example:Years ago, you served [past tense] my father in the Clone Wars; now he begs [present tense] you to help him in his struggle against the Empire.(Princess Leia to General Kenobi in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, 1977) Verb A verb is the part of speech that describes an action or occurrence or indicates a state of being.Example:Send this pestilent, traitorous, cow-hearted, yeasty codpiece to the brig.(Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean: At Worlds End, 2007)

Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Summarize - Essay Example Thus, much of the first chapter of her book is structured as justification for her research. The first focus of justification is proving that the research is new and necessary. Scully supports this claim by pointing to an androcentric bias in the sciences and the need for feminist research within the world of the men. According to Scully, the science behind this topic has traditionally been conducted from the perspective of men, focused on what men feel to be important and revealed what men understand to be the issues. When all of the studies on the rapists and their motivations is conducted by men, the female perspective remains lost, there remains a lack of understanding and the feminist literature risks the same glaring mistake made by the male literature in that the case of the other gender is kept mysterious. Having proven to her satisfaction that the research is required, Scully then justifies her choice of subject. She openly acknowledges the difficulty of accurately determining the size and characteristics of the male population that rapes, the low proportion of convicted perpetrators to probable actual perpetrators and the difficulty of finding rapists who have never been convicted to interview. From this point, she moves on to discuss why convicted, imprisoned rapists are the best candidates for her research because they are the most likely to disprove her theory. This section closes with her sampling strategy for choosing candidates for the research study. As she talks about her personal experience within the prisons, Scully reveals the conditions she found within, how that affects the prisoners on a psychological level and how that made her feel while she was visiting. She uses existing literature to support her hypothesis that the men would be more willing to talk with her because she was a woman and

The War of 1812 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The War of 1812 - Essay Example A lot of incidents related to the war also happened in the sea. Background Events Leading to the War: The war was instigated in 1783 after the termination of American Revolution. That was a time when US was irritated with Britain’s lack of consent to ratify commercial agreements in favor of America and Britain’s failure to retreat from the territory of America alongside the Great Lakes. The French Revolutionary Wars that happened between 1792 and 1802 and the Napoleonic Wars that started after that and continued till 1815 flared up American resentment. France and Britain were the primary contestants in these wars. With the passage of time, France dominated most of Europe. On the other hand, Britain ruled over the seas. France and Britain had commercial fights with each other in which Britain tried to blockade Europe while France did all to make sure that British goods were not sold in the French possessions. The maritime policies of Britain and France indulged into seve ral conflicts with the US in the 1790s. The difficulties became intense and grew manifolds after 1803. The British Orders in Council of 1807 tried to channel all neutral trade to continental Europe through Great Britain, and France's Berlin and Milan decrees of 1806 and 1807 declared Britain in a state of blockade and condemned neutral shipping that obeyed British regulations. (gatewayno.com, n.d.). Causes of the War: US felt that her rights upon seas were being subdued by France and Britain. Because of British dominance upon the seas, the British maritime policies were more disliked. British felt that it was their right to the British sailors with them from the merchant ships of America. In their haste, they took many Americans with them as well. This was the fundamental cause of tension between the two countries. There were numerous causes of the war. There was war going on between Great Britain and France in the early 1800s. In that war, England fell short of skilled sailors. In order to make up for the deficiency of sailors, Great Britain started stopping American ships and forcefully took sailors from them. In addition to that, Great Britain forbade US from entering into any trade with France. According to the Treaty of Paris (1783), Great Britain was supposed to remove her soldiers from the American territory, though she continued occupying US territory. A vast majority of the British soldiers remained along the Great Lakes and offered full support to Indians like Tecumseh, the Shawnee leader so that they may fully revolt against the American settlers. Proceedings of the War: US first tried to alter the European powers’ policies economically. The British ship Leopard attacked Chesapeake, which was an American frigate in 1807. At that time, Congress placed a ban upon American ships from trade by passing the Embargo Act. As a result of that, New England shipping was devastated but the French and British policies were left unaltered. Americans were i n the economic depression and were distressed. They resolved to commence the war in order to restore national honor. In 1810, the Congress was elected. In November, 1811, the War Hawks joined the Congress and asked to commence war against Great Britain. As a result of the aforementioned attempts by Great Britain all of which went against the interests of US, President James Madison convinced the Congress to declare war upon Great Britain in 1812. Battles of the War: In 1812,